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JILLSON & WHINHELD.

Bleaching Fibrous Material Patented Sept. 15, 1857.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JULIUS A. JILLSON, OF POUGHKEEPSIE, AND HENRY \VHINFIELD, OF NENV YORK,N. Y.

METHOD OF TREATING FIBROUS OR TEXTILE SUBSTANCES IN A VACUUM FOB CLEANS-ING PURPOSES.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 18,204, dated September 15, 1857.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JULIUs A. J ILLSON, of the city of Poughkeepsie,county of Dutchess, and State of New York, and HENRY VVHINFIELD, of thecity, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and usefulMethod of Treating Various Materials or Substances in a Permanent Vacuumfor lVashing, Bleaching, and Analogous Purposes; and wedo hereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being bad to the annexed drawings, making a part of thisspecification and representing an apparatus adapted for carrying outthis method in which Figure 1 is an elevated perspective view and Fig. 2is an elevated sectional view.

The same letters have reference to the same parts in each view.

The nature of our invention consists in performing the method abovementioned or any other analogous to it either with or without heat in apermanent vacuum. The air being removed the substances or ma terialstreated expand and become readily impregnated with the liquid and easilyimpart their soluble properties either of dirt, gum, &c., to the fluidwith which they are treated and at low temperatures suitable to theirvarious colors and different qualities to be employed, by which meansover heating and the continued wear and tear by rubbing, pounding, andwringing, is prevented, and great saving of time realized.

Using a permanent vacuum in all the chambers of the apparatus we employfor treating the various substances or materials or other analogousoperations, and as through the entire operation the absence of the airallows free passage to any fluid or gas we may employ, the said fluid orgas is rotated continuously in a vacuum by a double or single actingforce pump working in said vacuum without variation or receiving anyassistance of force from said vacuum and at temperatures required by thenature of the colors and of the materials or substances treated, and thepurpose of the operation performed.

To enable others skilled in the art to use our said method we willproceed to exemplify its application.

The apparatus may be constructed of any suitable materials such asbrass, copper, iron galvanized, tin, or wood.

A, is a receiver with an air tight cover B, screwed down air tight bythe set screw C, or in any other suitable way. The said receiver A, isplaced over the furnace or lamp G. In the receiver A, is placed astrainer D, and over it a detached receiver E, with a similar strainerF. The said receiver A, is connected by the pipes N, O, and P, or theirequivalents with the double or single acting force pump I.

T, is a chamber containing a glass cup or jar \V, for holding thebleaching or disinfecting gas or liquid, its cover U, screwed downthereon is connected with the upper part of the force pump 1, by thepipe X, provided with a stop cock Y, and by the pipe P.

(1., a, a, are pipes passing through under and between the receiver A,and the furnace or lamp G, to admit air, when heated air may berequired, for drying, or draining, the contents of said receiver A, orE, or any purpose. These pipes deliver the air into and at the top ofreceiver A, at Z).

c, is a cock to shut off the air when not required.

The strainers D, and F, are made of perforated copper, brass, or wire orwoolen cloth, paper, sponge or equivalent.

One or more receivers similar to A, and with one or more double orsingle acting force pumps and when extensive and large receivers orapparatus are required having one or more pumps for exhausting the airand forming a vacuum may be employed. Also one or more pumps forrotating and forcing the gas or fluid through and through the varioussubstances or materials may be used and can be worked by hand or drivenby any other power.

Having thus constructed an apparatus as described or any otherequivalent thereto as may be required, we place the wearing ap parel,textile, or fibrous fabrics, animal or vegetable wools, silks, rags, orany other material or substance to be treated in the upper part of thereceiver A, or the inner detached receiver E and the liquid necessaryeither cold or hot in the lower part of said receiver A, under thestrainer D, at a degree of heat that will not injure the materials orsubstances to be treated and closing the cover B, air tight and havingall the stop cocks closed except R, and J, let the force pump 1, be setin motion. The air being drawn out of the apparatus, a vacuum will beattained in all its chambers, a thermometer being fixed to said receiverA, if required, any desired degree of heat can be obtained by the use ofsaid furnace or lamp G, or other equivalents. If then the stop cocks R,and J, be closed and stop cocks Q, and S, opened and the motion of thepump continued the liquid contained in the receiver A, will be drawn outtherefrom in and passing through the pipe N, and valve L, through thesaid pump I, through the pipe P, and valve M, into the top of thereceiver A, it will return through the materials or substances treatedto the lower part of receiver A, and thus be rotated by the said pumpfor any length of time in an equal temperature with great force andvelocity over and over through and through the said materials orsubstances contained in said receiver A, or inner detached receiver E,until in a very short time the dirt or gum is extracted or cleansed fromthe said materials or substances treated. If the stop cock R, Q, and J,be opened and the stop cock S, closed, and the motion of the pumpcontinued, air may be drawn from the lower part of receiver A, andforced into the upper part of said receiver and through and through thematerials or substances treated until the same be thoroughly dried, theaction of the air drawing all the liquid into the bottom of receiver A,when the saturated fluid or refuse may be drawn off by the dischargecock H. The apparatus can then be opened the contents removed andcleansed for another operation.

There may be attached to the apparatus as shown by letter T, a chamberor vessel with pipes connecting it to the receiver A, for the purpose ofgenerating and passing into said receivers A, and E, bleaching ordisinfecting gases or liquids which operation being performed in avacuum forms an essential feature of our method. By closing the stopcocks J, R, and S, the said gases or liquids will be permitted to escapefrom chamber T, by the pipe X, and if then the stop cocks R, Y, and Q,be opened and the pump be set in motion the said bleaching ordisinfecting gases or liquids will be drawn from the chamber T, andforced through and through the materials or substances treated over andover and in a vacuum until in a short time the contents of saidreceivers A or IE, will on account of the absence of the air beperfectly bleached or disinfected. By subsequently closing the stopcocks J, K, Q and S, the said bleaching or disinfecting gases or liquidscan be nearly all forced back into the chamber T, this, owing to theabsence of the air in a comparatively pure state where they may beretained by closing the stop cock Y, until wanted again. The receiver A,can then be opened and contents removed. The said wearing appareltextile or fibrous fabrics, animal or vegetable wools, silks, rags, orany other materials or substances after they have passed through theprocess or operation of cleansing or bleaching in a vacuum can all berinsed without removal from the receiver A, in a vacuum by our method asbefore detailed.

It is evident that this method is applicable to various other purposessuch as extracting, filtering and draining and which may be performed ina vacuum.

The permanent vacuum forms the essential feature in our method asheretofore described and in consequence of the use of a vacuum incombination with a force pump dispensing with the use of sand and thetedious and uncertain process of maceration and percolation until in ashort operation as before detailed a perfectly saturated solution with asmall quantity of fluid is obtained in fact the whole strength of theprinciple is extracted from the woods, roots, leaves, grain, seeds, orother materials or substances either medicinal or otherwise that may beused and with the saving of great expense in evaporating largequantities of liquid in the vacuum pan.

It is also evident that machines or apparatus may be constructeddifferent from the one here described and differently arranged keepingthe main feature of our method and objects in view as heretoforedescribed and illustrated.

Having now described and fully set forth our invention and illustratedour way of carrying it out, what we claim as new and desire to havesecured to us by Letters Patent is The process of treating fibrous andtextile substances in a permanent Vacuum for eX- tracting coloring,grease or other foreign matters substantially as set forth.

J. A. JILLSON. HENRY TVHINFIELD.

Witnesses JOHN VVINSLOW", SILAS E. HAIGI-IT.

